West Virginia

Last Updated: 
October 23, 2020

Snapshot of Teacher Retirement

West Virginia Teachers' Retirement System


Average pension value (2018): $21,415
Median pension value (2018): $18,000
Vesting Period: 5 Years
Teacher Contribution Rate (2018): 6%
Employer Contribution Rate (2018): 26.44%
Participation in Social Security: Yes

How Do Teacher Pensions Work in West Virginia?

In West Virginia, teachers are a part of the West Virginia Teachers' Retirement System. The WVTRS was formed in 1941.

The basic structure of West Virginia's teacher defined benefit (DB) pension is similar to that of other states. Unlike other retirement funds, a teacher’s contributions and those made on their behalf by the state or school district do not determine the value of the pension at retirement. Although those contributions are invested in the market, and often managed by private equity and hedge funds, a teacher’s pension wealth is not derived from the returns on those investments. Instead, it is determined by a formula based on their years of experience and final salary.

Finally, most states, including West Virginia, have adopted multiple benefit tiers for teachers depending on when they were hired. West Virginia's benefit tiers can be found here.

How Are Teacher Pensions Calculated in West Virginia?

Pension wealth is derived from a formula. The figure below illustrates how a teacher pension is calculated in West Virginia. It is important to note, however, that the state assesses an educator’s final salary based on their highest 5 years average salary from their final 15 years of service. For example, a teacher who works for 25 years with a final average salary of $70,000 would be eligible for an annual pension benefit worth 50 percent of their final salary. 

Calculating Teacher Pension Wealth in West Virginia

2% MultiplierXAvg. highest 5 years of salary from last 15XYears of service

Who Qualifies for a Teacher Pension in West Virginia?

Like most states, teachers need to serve a number of years before qualifying for a pension. West Virginia has a 5 year vesting period. While educators qualify for a pension after 5 years of service, the pension may not be worth all that much. Moreover, educators can’t begin to collect it until they hit the state’s retirement age. The state sets specific windows when teachers can retire with benefits based on age and years of experience. Teachers in West Virginia can retire with full benefits:

  • At age 60 with at least 5 years of experience;
  • At age 55 with 30 or more years of experience; or,
  • At any age with 35 or more years of experience.  

Additionally, West Virginia allows early retirement at age 55 once they have accrued at least 30 years of service. However, teachers taking that option will have their benefits reduced based on their years of experience and how early they are retiring. 

How Much Does West Virginia's Teacher Pension Plan Cost?

As they work, teachers and their employers must contribute into the plan. Those contribution rates are set by the state legislature and can change year-to-year. In 2018, teachers contributed 6 percent of their salary to the pension fund, while the state contributed 26.44 percent. In total, 32.44 percent of teacher salary was spent on West Virginia's teacher pension fund. However, not all of that investment goes toward benefits. While the full 6 percent of salary contributed by individual teachers is for benefits, the state contributes only 4.69 percent. The remaining 21.75 percent state contribution is to pay down the pension fund's debt. 

Finally, in West Virginia, as with most states, teacher pensions are not portable. This means that if a teacher leaves the WVTRS system, they can’t take their benefits with them, even if they continue working in the teaching profession. As a result, someone who leaves teaching or who moves across state lines might have two pensions, but the sum of those two pensions is likely to be worth less than if they remained in one system for their entire career. In other words, the lack of benefit portability will hurt the long-term retirement savings of any educator who leaves teaching altogether or who crosses state lines to work in another state. 

As with most state pension funds, West Virginia's teacher retirement system provides the greatest benefits to teachers who stay the longest, while leaving everyone else with inadequate benefits. With that in mind, new and current teachers in West Virginia should think carefully about their career plans and how they interact with the state's retirement plan.

Glossary of Financial Terms

Vesting period: The number of years a teacher must teach before becoming eligible to receive a pension. Although the length of vesting periods vary by state, 5 years is typical. In every state, a teacher who leaves prior to vesting is eligible to withdraw his or her own contributions, sometimes with interest, but few states allow those employees to collect any portion of the employer contributions made on their behalf.

Employee contribution: The percent of a teacher’s salary that he or she pays annually to the pension fund.

Employer contribution: The percent of a teacher’s salary that the state, school district, or a combination of the two pays annually to the pension fund.

Normal cost: The annual cost of retirement benefits as a percentage of teacher salary. This excludes any debt cost.

Amortization cost: The annual cost of a pension fund’s contribution toward any unfunded liabilities. This can also be thought of as the debt cost of the pension fund.

More on this state

Last updated: October 23, 2020

https://www.teacherpensions.org/state/west-virginia

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